![]() Speech difficulties can result from hypotonia. Fine motor skills delays occur in grasping a toy or finger, transferring a small object from hand to hand, pointing out objects, following movement with the eyes, and self feeding. Hypotonic infants are late in lifting their heads while lying on their stomachs, rolling over, lifting themselves into a sitting position, remaining seated without falling over, balancing, crawling, and walking. They can be divided into two areas, gross motor skills, and fine motor skills, both of which are affected. Motor skills are particularly susceptible to the low-tone disability. Most low-tone infants have delayed developmental milestones, but the length of delay can vary widely. Hypotonic infants often have difficulty feeding, as their mouth muscles cannot maintain a proper suck-swallow pattern, or a good breastfeeding latch.Ĭhildren with normal muscle tone are expected to achieve certain physical abilities within an average timeframe after birth. Often, the movement of the head is uncontrollable, not in the sense of spasmatic movement, but chronic ataxia. They are unable to maintain flexed ligaments, and are able to extend them beyond normal lengths. This image demonstrates the floppiness of a hypotonic infant. Since hypotonia is most often diagnosed during infancy, it is also known as "floppy infant syndrome" or "infantile hypotonia." Infants who suffer from hypotonia are often described as feeling and appearing as though they are "rag dolls" or a "sack of jello," easily slipping through one's hands. For instance, some hypotonics may experience constipation, while others have no bowel problems. ![]() The extent and occurrence of specific objective manifestations depends upon the age of the patient, the severity of the hypotonia, the specific muscles affected, and sometimes the underlying cause. Motor skills delay is often observed, along with hypermobile or hyperflexible joints, drooling and speech difficulties, poor reflexes, decreased strength, decreased activity tolerance, rounded shoulder posture, with leaning onto supports, and poor attention and motivation. Hypotonic patients may display a variety of objective manifestations that indicate decreased muscle tone. Central nervous system dysfunction, including Cerebellar lesions.Traumatic brain injury, such as the damage that is caused by Shaken Baby Syndrome.Muscular dystrophy (including Myotonic dystrophy) - most common.Teratogenesis from in utero exposure to Benzodiazepines.Dysfunction in Sensory Integration (DSI).Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia (NKH) or Glycine Encephalopathy (GCE).Infantile spinal muscular atrophy such as Werdnig-Hoffman disease. ![]() Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome).Centronuclear myopathy (including myotubular myopathy).3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. ![]()
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